Tag: england

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Digging up Arthur’s Stone

Popular British writer Graham Philips (The Lost Tomb of King Arthur), is one of the leading authorities on the historical origins of the Camelot stories. He also believes it all happened in the fifth-century Iron Age, not the middle ages as represented by the grail romances. Philips now argues that the bones of King Arthur himself will be found in Shropshire, and he is campaigning to have a specific site there dug up by archaeologists (Atlantis Rising Magazine #119, “The Quest for King Arthur’s Lost Tomb,” by Graham Phillips).

Meanwhile, archaeologists from The University of Manchester have just started to dig at a 5,000-year-old tomb which many think is linked to King Arthur, hoping to explain some of the mysteries of a previously unexcavated neolithic chambered tomb known as ‘Arthur’s Stone.’ Investigators are coordinating with English Heritage, the agency in charge of the site. Similar examples in the area have been found to contain partial skeletal remains, together with flint flakes, arrowheads and pottery.

All that remains of the ‘Arthur’s Stone’ site, apparently, are the large stones of an inner chamber, which partially form a mound whose original size and shape are unknown. Formed from nine upright stones, the chamber is topped by an enormous capstone estimated to weigh more than 25 tons. Like many prehistoric monuments in western England and Wales, this tomb has been associated, since before the 13th century, with King Arthur. According to legend, it was here that Arthur dispatched a giant who left the impression of his elbows on one of the stones (https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/tomb-linked-to-king-arthur/).
In recent times, author C.S. Lewis is thought to have been inspired by ‘Arthur’s Stone’ when he imagined the kingdom of Narnia—providing the stone table upon which Aslan the Lion is sacrificed in The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe.

Whether or not this story or many others is grounded in historical fact, however, is probably not the most important point for most of us today. The enduring popularity of the Grail Romances, seems more related to the role they continue to play in our imagination. Like disputes over the literal truth of the Bible, and other holy books, the most important thing for most of us probably has more to do with what the stories have come to mean symbolically. It seems ironic that as our connection to ideals like chivalry enshrined in the myths, are apparently fading away, the need to uncover the true facts of the underlying story becomes even greater.

AR #119

The Quest for King Arthur’s Lost Tomb

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Stonehenge Was a Calendar Claim Researchers

It had long been thought that the famous site of Stonehenge served as an ancient calendar, given its alignment with the solstices. Now, research has identified how it may have worked.

New finds about the stone circle’s history, along with analysis of other ancient calendar systems, prompted Professor Timothy Darvill to take a fresh look at Stonehenge. His analysis, published in the journal Antiquity, concluded that the site was designed as a solar calendar.

“The clear solstitial alignment of Stonehenge has prompted people to suggest that the site included some kind of calendar since the antiquarian William Stukeley,” said Professor Darvill, from Bournemouth University, “Now, discoveries brought the issue into sharper focus and indicate the site was a calendar based on a tropical solar year of 365.25 days.”

Crucially, recent research had shown that Stonehenge’s sarsens were added during the same phase of construction around 2500 BC. They were sourced from the same area and subsequently remained in the same formation. This indicates they worked as a single unit.

As such, Professor Darvill analysed these stones, examining their numerology and comparing them to other known calendars from this period. He identified a solar calendar in their layout, suggesting they served as a physical representation of the year that helped the ancient inhabitants of Wiltshire keep track of the days, weeks, and months.

“The proposed calendar works in a very straightforward way. Each of the 30 stones in the sarsen circle represents a day within a month, itself divided into three weeks each of 10 days,” said Professor Darvill, noting that distinctive stones in the circle mark the start of each week.

Additionally, an intercalary month of five days and a leap day every four years were needed to match the solar year. “The intercalary month, probably dedicated to the deities of the site, is represented by the five Trilithons in the centre of the site,” said Professor Darvill, “The four Station Stones outside the Sarsen Circle provide markers to notch-up until a leap day.”

As such, the winter and summer solstices would be framed by the same pairs of stones every year. One of the trilithons also frames the winter solstice, indicating it may have been the new year. This solstitial alignment also helps calibrate the calendar – any errors in counting the days would be easily detectable as the sun would be in the wrong place on the solstices.

Such a calendar, with 10 day weeks and extra months, may seem unusual today. However, calendars like this were adopted by many cultures during this period

“Such a solar calendar was developed in the eastern Mediterranean in the centuries after 3000 BC and was adopted in Egypt as the Civil Calendar around 2700 and was widely used at the start of the Old Kingdom about 2600 BC,” said Professor Darvill. This raises the possibility that the calendar tracked by Stonehenge may stem from the influence of one of these other cultures. Nearby finds hint at such cultural connections – the nearby Amesbury archer, buried nearby around the same period, was born in the Alps and moved to Britain as a teenager.

Professor Darvill hopes future research might shed light on these possibilities. Ancient DNA and archaeological artefacts could reveal connections between these cultures. Nevertheless, the identification of a solar calendar at Stonehenge should transform how we see it.

“Finding a solar calendar represented in the architecture of Stonehenge opens up a whole new way of seeing the monument as a place for the living,” he said, “A place where the timing of ceremonies and festivals was connected to the very fabric of the universe and celestial movements in the heavens.”

AR #129
Song of the Stones